Bioaccumulation, enrichment and translocation factors of some heavy metals in Typha angustifolia and Phragmites australis Species growing ALONG Qalyasan stream in Sulaimani

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the mobility, bioaccumulation and transfer of the heavy metals; Cr, Mn, Cu, and Pb from the wastewater of Qalyasan stream to roots tissues and from roots tissues to shoots tissues by means of bioaccumulation factor (BAF), enrichment factor (EF) and translocation factor (TF) in the macrophytes species of T. angustifolia and P.
australis at two sites. The analyzed macrophytes plant species were sampled along the streambank of Qalyasan in Sulaimani city. Qalyasan stream is used as a source for irrigation water and also as a sink for the untreated urban and industrial domestic's wastewater effluents.
Domestic and industrial discharges are probably the most two main sources for heavy metal contamination in the water of the stream. Our results showed that concentrations of the studied metals in the root and shoot tissues of the macrophyte species were much higher than those in the samples of wastewater from Qalyasan stream. Bioaccumulation factor and enrichment factor values in both species were above 1. High variation among the values was noticed, this indicating that these plants could be considered as trace metals accumulators and both have potential for phytostabilization and phytoextraction. The ranking order of bioaccumulation factor by T. angustifolia for the studied heavy metals was Mn> Cu > Pb > Cr,
while by P. australis was Mn> Cu > Cr > Pb. Translocation factor values for Cr, Mn and Cu was higher than 1 by P. australis, whereas by T. angustifolia the values only for Cr and Mn were greater than 1, this is evident that the uptake and accumulation of these metals were higher in the shoot tissues rather than root tissues of the investigated macrophyte species.

Majid, S.N., Khwakaram, A.I., Rasul, G.A.M. and Ahmed, Z.H., 2014. Bioaccumulation, enrichment and translocation factors of some heavy metals in Typha angustifolia and Phragmites australis Species growing ALONG Qalyasan stream in Sulaimani City/IKR. Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani-Part A, 16(4), pp.93-109.